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The capture of carbon dioxide by transition metal aluminates, calcium aluminate, calcium zirconate, calciumsilicate and lithium zirconate

Ganesh TILEKAR, Kiran SHINDE, Kishor KALE, Reshma RASKAR, Abaji GAIKWAD

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 477-491 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1107-y

摘要: The capture of CO by transition metal (Mn, Ni, Co and Zn) aluminates, calcium aluminate, calcium zirconate, calcium silicate and lithium zirconate was carried out at pre- and post-combustion temperatures. The prepared metal adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area analysis and acidity/alkalinity measurements. The different experimental variables affecting the adsorbents ability to capture CO , such as the mol ratio of metal ions, the pressure of CO , the exposure time and the temperature of the adsorbent were also investigated. Calcium zirconate captured 13.85 wt-% CO at 650°C and 2.5 atm and calcium silicate captured 14.31 wt-% at 650°C. Molecular sieves (13X) and carbon can only capture a negligible amount of CO at high temperatures (300°C–650°C). However, the mixed metal oxides captured reasonable amount of CO at these higher temperatures. In addition, calcium aluminate, calcium zirconate, calcium silicate and lithium zirconate adsorbents captured CO at both pre and post-combustion temperatures. The trend for the amount of captured carbon dioxide over the adsorbents was calcium aluminate

关键词: captured CO2     pre-combustion temperature     characterization     calcium silicate     calcium zirconate    

Quantification of hydration products in cementitious materials incorporating silica nanoparticles

L. P. SINGH,A. GOEL,S. K. BHATTACHARYYA,G. MISHRA

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 162-167 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0315-9

摘要: In the present work, silica nanoparticles (30-70nm) were supplemented into cement paste to study their influence on degree of hydration, porosity and formation of different type of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel. As the hydration time proceeds, the degree of hydration reach to 76% in nano-modified cement paste whereas plain cement achieve up to 63% at 28 days. An influence of degree of hydration on the porosity was also determined. In plain cement paste, the capillary porosity at 1hr is ~48%, whereas in silica nanoparticles added cement is ~35 % only, it revealed that silica nanoparticles refines the pore structure due to accelerated hydration mechanism leading to denser microstructure. Similarly, increasing gel porosity reveals the formation of more C-S-H gel. Furthermore, C-S-H gel of different Ca/Si ratio in hydrated cement paste was quantified using X-ray diffractometer and thermogravimetry. The results show that in presence of silica nanoparticles, ~24% C-S-H (Ca/Si<1.0) forms, leading to the formation of polymerised and compact C-S-H. In case of plain cement this type of C-S-H was completely absent at 28 days. These studies reveal that the hydration mechanism of the cement can be tuned with the incorporation of silica nanoparticles and thus, producing more durable cementitious materials.

关键词: degree of hydration     porosity     calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H)     silica nanoparticles    

Effect of the degree of template removal from mesoporous silicate materials on their adsorption of heavy

Farouq TWAIQ,M.S. NASSER,Sagheer A. ONAIZI

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 488-497 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1459-1

摘要: The key aim of this study is to evaluate the adsorption of heavy oil from aqueous solutions with different oil contents over mesoporous silicate materials having different surfactant template contents. The mesoporous silicate materials have been synthesized from tetraethylorthosilicate as a silica precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template using the sol-gel technique. Four samples were prepared by (1) totally removing the template using the calcination process, (2) partially removing the template via ethanol extraction, (3) partially removing the template via water extraction, and (4) keeping the template as synthesized, respectively. These four samples have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transformed infrared. The effect of the degree of template removal of these mesoporous materials for the oil removal has been investigated. The oil removal is inversely proportional to the surfactant content in the mesoporous material, being highest for the calcined sample but lowest for the as-synthesized sample. The kinetic of oil adsorption over the calcined material has been also studied and the data obtained fit well a second-order model.

关键词: heavy oil     mesoporous silicate material     kinetics     template removal     adsorption    

Capture of carbon dioxide over porous solid adsorbents lithium silicate, lithium aluminate and magnesium

P. V. Korake, A. G. Gaikwad

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 215-226 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1012-9

摘要: The capturing process for carbon dioxide over porous solid adsorbents such as lithium silicate, lithium aluminate, and magnesium aluminate at pre- combustion temperatures was studied. Lithium silicate was prepared by the sol gel and solid fusion methods. The lithium silicate adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and surface area. The capturing of carbon dioxide over lithium silicate, lithium aluminate, and magnesium aluminate was explored at different experimental conditions such as exposure time, temperature variation, and exposure carbon dioxide pressure. The capturing process for carbon dioxide was investigated over these adsorbents with variation of their metal mole ratios. The effect of the addition of (promoter) sodium, potassium, and cesium in the lithium silicate adsorbent was explored to investigate the variation of the capture of carbon dioxide over these adsorbents.

关键词: capturing CO2     lithium silicate     lithium aluminate     magnesium aluminate    

On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

Lv XU, Yuanyang HU, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG,

《能源前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 181-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0065-2

摘要: A calcium chloride solution with a different extender, which is made up of either pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, or calcium chloride with activated carbon, acts differently on stainless steel. The mass ratio between calcium chloride with expanded graphite or activated carbon is almost 4∶1, which is demonstrated to be the optimum ratio. The experimental research in this paper reveals that, of the three solutions, which are pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, and calcium chloride with activated carbon, the strongest oxidation creation and pitting corrosion happened in the solution of calcium chloride with expanded graphite, the weakest oxidation creation happened in the solution of calcium chloride with activated carbon, and pitting corrosion was stronger than oxidation creation in the solution of pure calcium chloride. This paper gives the reasons for these phenomena. Furthermore, based on theory analysis, multiple means and approaches are provided to prevent stainless steel from further corroding.

关键词: stainless steel     corrosion     calcium chloride     expanded graphite     activated carbon     oxidation creation     pitting corrosion    

Effect of calcium lactate on compressive strength and self-healing of cracks in microbial concrete

Kunamineni VIJAY, Meena MURMU

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 515-525 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0494-2

摘要: This paper presents the effect on compressive strength and self-healing capability of bacterial concrete with the addition of calcium lactate. Compared to normal concrete, bacterial concrete possesses higher durability and engineering concrete properties. The production of calcium carbonate in bacterial concrete is limited to the calcium content in cement. Hence calcium lactate is externally added to be an additional source of calcium in the concrete. The influence of this addition on compressive strength, self-healing capability of cracks is highlighted in this study. The bacterium used in the study is and was added to both spore powder form and culture form to the concrete. spore powder of 2 million cfu/g concentration with 0.5% cement was mixed to concrete. Calcium lactates with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of cement, was added to the concrete mixes to test the effect on properties of concrete. In other samples, cultured with a concentration of 1×10 cells/mL was mixed with concrete, to study the effect of bacteria in the cultured form on the properties of concrete. Cubes of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were used for the study. These cubes were tested after a curing period of 7, 14 and 28 d. A maximum of 12% increase in compressive strength was observed with the addition of 0.5% of calcium lactate in concrete. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy examination showed the formation of ettringite in pores; calcium silicate hydrates and calcite which made the concrete denser. A statistical technique was applied to analyze the experimental data of the compressive strengths of cementations materials. Response surface methodology was adopted for optimizing the experimental data. The regression equation was yielded by the application of response surface methodology relating response variables to input parameters. This method aids in predicting the experimental results accurately with an acceptable range of error. Findings of this investigation indicated the influence of added calcium lactate in bio-concrete which is quite impressive for improving the compressive strength and self-healing properties of concrete.

关键词: calcium lactate     bacillus subtilis     compressive strength     self-healing of cracks    

Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 168-173 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0323-9

摘要: In the present study, chemical mapping on the hydration process of cement paste with water-to-cement ( / ) ratio of 0.60 was implemented by Raman spectroscopy (RS). The RS was applied to study the paste from 12 hours after mixing to 28 days. Cement ingredients and hydration products, including calcium silicates (C S and C S), calcium hydroxide (CH), and ettringite, were quantitatively studied. From the research, it is observed that calcium silicates were consumed gradually with the increased hydration age. Calcium hydroxide increased and tended to cluster in the pore vicinity during hydration. Ettringite was found to form on the surface of the unreacted particles, which was shown as a mixed zone of ettringite and calcium silicates in the maps. It is concluded from the study that chemical mapping was an effective method to assist in visualizing particle dispersion and connection on top of the quantitative analysis.

关键词: chemical mapping     Raman spectroscopy     calcium silicates     calcium hydroxide     ettringite    

Appraising the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 722-731 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0950-5

摘要: The aim of this study is to appraise the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments. The hydration and performance of CSA cement-based grouts cured in cold environments (10, 0, and −10 °C) are investigated using a combination of tests, including temperature recording, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The recorded temperature shows a rapid increase in temperature at the early stage in all the samples. Meanwhile, results of the TGA and XRD tests show the generation of a significant quantity of hydration products, which indicates the rapid hydration of CSA cement-based grouts at the early stage at low temperatures. Consequently, the CSA cement-based grouts exhibit remarkably high early strength. The UCS values of the samples cured for 2 h at −10, 0, and 10 °C are 6.5, 12.0, and 12.3 MPa, respectively. The UCS of the grouts cured at −10, 0, and 10 °C increases continuously with age and ultimately reached 14.9, 19.0, and 30.6 MPa at 28 d, respectively. The findings show that the strength of grouts fabricated using CSA cement can develop rapidly in cold environments, thus rendering them promising for permafrost applications.

关键词: permafrost     low temperatures     calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts     hydration reaction     compressive strength    

Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Dejun SHI, Ke QIAO, Zifeng YAN

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 372-375 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0570-1

摘要: Calcium carbide was successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction of lime with coke at 1973 K for 1.5 h. The effect of potassium carbonate as additive on the composition and morphology of the product was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Addition of potassium carbonate increased the yield of calcium carbide. The sample in the presence of potassium carbonate generated acetylene gas of 168.3 L/kg, which was 10% higher than that in the absence of potassium carbonate. This result confirmed the catalytic effect of potassium carbonate on the synthesis of calcium carbide. A possible mechanism of the above effects was that the additive, which was melted at the reduction temperature, dissolved CaO and so promoted the contact between CaO and carbon, which was essential for the solid-solid reaction to form calcium carbide.

关键词: calcium carbide     synthesis     catalysis    

Effects of metal ions on the morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers by hydrothermal method

Tianjie Liu, Hao Fan, Yanxia Xu, Xingfu Song, Jianguo Yu

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 545-553 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1665-8

摘要: The effects of Na , Mg , Al and Fe ion concentrations on the crystal morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers formed via a hydrothermal method have been studied. In the presence of Al concentrations higher than 1×10 mol/L the whiskers were significantly shorter and thicker and the presence of Mg and Fe resulted in shorter whiskers. The presence of Na did not affect the morphology of the whiskers. Through elemental analysis, it was determined that Mg and Al were selectively adsorbed on the surfaces of the crystals, whereas Fe underwent a hydrolysis reaction to form a brown precipitate which decreased the ion concentration in the solution. These results indicate that in raw materials used for the industrial preparation of calcium sulfate whiskers, Al and Fe should be removed and the Mg concentration should be less than 8 × 10 mol/L in order to obtain pure whiskers with high aspect ratios.

关键词: metal ions     morphology     calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers     hydrothermal method     selective adsorption    

Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide

Wenchao Jiang, Ping Tang, Zhen Liu, Huan He, Qian Sui, Shuguang Lyu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1197-1

摘要: Complete CT degradation was achieved by employing HA to CP/Fe(II)/FA process. Quantitative detection of Fe(II) regeneration and HO• production was investigated. Benzoic acid outcompeted FA for the reaction with HO•. CO2•− was the dominant reductive radical for CT removal. Effects of solution matrix on CT removal were conducted. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) show low reactivity with perchlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride (CT), in conventional Fenton reactions, therefore, the generation of reductive radicals has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the enhancement of CT degradation by the synergistic effects of hydroxylamine (HA) and formic acid (FA) (initial [CT] = 0.13 mmol/L) in a Fe(II) activated calcium peroxide (CP) Fenton process. CT degradation increased from 56.6% to 99.9% with the addition of 0.78 mmol/L HA to the CP/Fe(II)/FA/CT process in a molar ratio of 12/6/12/1. The results also showed that the presence of HA enhanced the regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III), and the production of HO• increased one-fold when employing benzoic acid as the HO• probe. Additionally, FA slightly improves the production of HO•. A study of the mechanism confirmed that the carbon dioxide radical (CO2•−), a strong reductant generated by the reaction between FA and HO•, was the dominant radical responsible for CT degradation. Almost complete CT dechlorination was achieved in the process. The presence of humic acid and chloride ion slightly decreased CT removal, while high doses of bicarbonate and high pH inhibited CT degradation. This study helps us to better understand the synergistic roles of FA and HA for HO• and CO2•− generation and the removal of perchlorinated hydrocarbons in modified Fenton systems.

关键词: Calcium peroxide     Hydroxylamine     Modified Fenton     Reactive oxygen species     Perchlorinated hydrocarbon    

Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1249-1260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0770-4

摘要: This study extended blending proportion range of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends, and investigated effects of proportions on setting time, workability, and strength development of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to help understand the performance of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. The setting time of the OPC-CSA blends was extended, and the workability was improved with increase of OPC content. Although the early-age strength decreased with increase of OPC content, the strength development was still very fast when the OPC content was lower than 60% due to the rapid formation and accumulation of ettringite. At 2 h, the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars with OPC contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% achieved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 17.5, 13.9, 9.6, and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The OPC content had a negligible influence on long-term strength. At 90 d, the average UCS of the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars was 39.2 ± 1.7 MPa.

关键词: calcium sulfoaluminate cement     cement blends     hydration reaction     setting     workability     compressive strength    

Effect of calcium on porcine ICSI embryos expressing EGFP is related to activation of ooplasmic DNase

Shuaishuai WU,Heng CHEN,Yingzheng WANG,Hui GAO,Shenming ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 84-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015046

摘要: Several reliable methods to produce transgenic animals use the male genome. After penetration into oocytes, sperm DNA undergoes dramatic conformational changes that might represent an opportunity for exogenous DNA to integrate into the zygote genome. A nuclease, DNase I, with Ca /Mg dependent activity and Zn inhibition, is one of the enzymes responsible for sperm DNA remodeling. To date, the effect of different calcium concentrations in manipulation media on porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection has not been fully investigated. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of calcium in the surrounding media, and we found that the number of embryos expressing green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was increased in media containing Ca . However, the number did not change over Ca concentrations from 2 to 8 mmol·L ( >0.05). Moreover, free Ca concentrations in the media were found to affect the efficiency which is ICSI embryos expressing EGFP protein, which was related to the activation of ooplasmic DNase I. These findings reveal a mechanism and pathway involving EGFP expression in ICSI embryos.

关键词: ICSI     calcium     DNase I     GFP     porcine    

Effect of wastewater composition on the calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

Shucheng YANG, Yanling HE, Charles CHOU, Pengxiang ZHANG, Dongqi WANG, Yonghong LIU,

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0026-3

摘要: Calcium carbonate often precipitates in anaerobic reactors treating wastewater with high calcium content. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of wastewater composition on calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Two laboratory-scale UASB reactors were operated with calcium-containing influents using acetate and carbohydrate as substrate, respectively. There was an obvious accumulation of inorganic precipitate observed in the biogranules. Observations via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the acclimated biogranules in the two reactors differed in microstructure. Calcium carbonate was found to have precipitated on the surface of acetate-degrading biogranules, but precipitated at the core of the carbohydrate-degrading biogranules. The results indicated that substrates had significant influence on the location of calcium carbonate precipitation in anaerobic granular sludge, which was expected due to the different methanogens distribution and pH gradient within the granular sludge degrading various substrates. Moreover, the location of calcium carbonate precipitation substantially affected the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the granular sludge. The SMA of the acetate-degrading biogranules dropped from 1.96 gCOD·gVSS·d to 0.61 gCOD·gVSS·d after 180-d of operation in the reactor. However, the SMA of the carbohydrate-degrading biogranules was not adversely affected by calcium carbonate precipitation.

关键词: calcium carbonate     precipitation     anaerobic granular sludge     wastewater composition     microstructure     upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)    

Synthesis, characterization and assessment thermal properties of clay based nanopigments

Mohammad Banimahd KIEVANI, Milad EDRAKI

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 40-45 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1505-7

摘要: Nano-clay based pigments (NCP) are new type of pigments composed of organic dyes and layered silicate-clay nano-particles, and have already been used in polymeric coatings to improve mechanical thermal and stability properties. In this paper, the basic blue 41(BB41) was intercalated into Na - montmorillonite in an aqueous medium. The dye-intercalated montmorillonite was centrifuged, dried, and milled to prepare the nanopigment particles. X-ray diffraction showed an increase in the basal spacing, thus confirming intercalation of the BB41 molecules within the nanostructures of the interlayer spaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for identifying the functional groups and chemical bounding of Na -montmorillonite, BB41 and montmorillonite-BB41. The morphology of NCP was also studied by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermograms suggested the thermal stability of the intercalated dye was improved.

关键词: nanopigment     layered silicate     cationic dye     thermal properties    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The capture of carbon dioxide by transition metal aluminates, calcium aluminate, calcium zirconate, calciumsilicate and lithium zirconate

Ganesh TILEKAR, Kiran SHINDE, Kishor KALE, Reshma RASKAR, Abaji GAIKWAD

期刊论文

Quantification of hydration products in cementitious materials incorporating silica nanoparticles

L. P. SINGH,A. GOEL,S. K. BHATTACHARYYA,G. MISHRA

期刊论文

Effect of the degree of template removal from mesoporous silicate materials on their adsorption of heavy

Farouq TWAIQ,M.S. NASSER,Sagheer A. ONAIZI

期刊论文

Capture of carbon dioxide over porous solid adsorbents lithium silicate, lithium aluminate and magnesium

P. V. Korake, A. G. Gaikwad

期刊论文

On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

Lv XU, Yuanyang HU, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG,

期刊论文

Effect of calcium lactate on compressive strength and self-healing of cracks in microbial concrete

Kunamineni VIJAY, Meena MURMU

期刊论文

Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

期刊论文

Appraising the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments

期刊论文

Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Dejun SHI, Ke QIAO, Zifeng YAN

期刊论文

Effects of metal ions on the morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers by hydrothermal method

Tianjie Liu, Hao Fan, Yanxia Xu, Xingfu Song, Jianguo Yu

期刊论文

Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide

Wenchao Jiang, Ping Tang, Zhen Liu, Huan He, Qian Sui, Shuguang Lyu

期刊论文

Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

期刊论文

Effect of calcium on porcine ICSI embryos expressing EGFP is related to activation of ooplasmic DNase

Shuaishuai WU,Heng CHEN,Yingzheng WANG,Hui GAO,Shenming ZENG

期刊论文

Effect of wastewater composition on the calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

Shucheng YANG, Yanling HE, Charles CHOU, Pengxiang ZHANG, Dongqi WANG, Yonghong LIU,

期刊论文

Synthesis, characterization and assessment thermal properties of clay based nanopigments

Mohammad Banimahd KIEVANI, Milad EDRAKI

期刊论文